Fry the Zucchini: Heat olive oil in a large pan over medium heat. Fry the thinly sliced zucchini in batches until golden brown. Transfer to a plate lined with paper towels to drain excess oil.
Cook the Spaghetti: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook spaghetti until al dente. Reserve 2 cups of pasta water before draining.
Prepare the Sauce: In the same pan, sauté garlic in a tablespoon of olive oil until fragrant. Add the fried zucchini back to the pan and mash slightly with a wooden spoon.
Combine Everything: Add the cooked pasta and 1 cup of reserved pasta water to the zucchini mixture. Stir well until the sauce thickens and coats the pasta. Add more pasta water if needed.
Add Cheese and Basil: Remove from heat and stir in grated Provolone del Monaco and Parmesan cheese. Toss until melted and creamy. Add fresh basil leaves and season with salt and pepper to taste.
Serve and Enjoy: Plate the pasta immediately, garnish with extra cheese and basil, and serve warm.